All authors, reviewers, and editors involved in the publication process must disclose potential conflicts of interest.

Conflicts of interest may arise from financial relationships, employment, institutional affiliations, personal relationships, professional competition, or other circumstances that could influence scholarly judgment.

Authors must declare relevant relationships and sources of research funding in their manuscripts.

Where no competing interests exist, authors may include the following statement:

"The authors declare that they have no competing interests relevant to this work."

Reviewers are required to disclose potential conflicts before accepting a review assignment.

Editors must withdraw from editorial decisions involving manuscripts where their impartiality may reasonably be questioned.

Undisclosed conflicts identified after publication may require further editorial investigation or corrective action.